Landscape on Organosilicon Compounds: Structure, Bonding and Applications

Tripathy, Divya; Kushwaha, Anita; Singh, Smrita; Dwivedi, Smriti; Gupta, Anjali; Prasad, Lalit; Chauhan, Ashutosh

doi:10.22068/ijmse.3663

Volume 22, Issue 2 (JUNE 2025) IJMSE 2025, 22(2): 135-154 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.22068/ijmse.3663

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Tripathy D, Kushwaha A, Singh S, Dwivedi S, Gupta A, Prasad L et al . Landscape on Organosilicon Compounds: Structure, Bonding and Applications. IJMSE 2025; 22 (2) :135-154
URL: http://ijmse.iust.ac.ir/article-1-3663-en.html

Landscape on Organosilicon Compounds: Structure, Bonding and Applications

Divya Tripathy

Abstract: (3956 Views)

Organosilicon compounds represent a fascinating class of molecules with diverse structures, unique bonding characteristics, and wide-ranging applications across various fields. The structural diversity of organosilicon compounds arises from the versatility of silicon, which can form a variety of chemical bonds, including single, double, and triple bonds with carbon, as well as bonds with other heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This diversity enables the synthesis of an extensive range of organosilicon molecules, including silanes, siloxanes, silanols, silazanes, and silsesquioxanes, among others. The unique properties of these compounds, such as thermal stability, chemical inertness, and flexibility, make them valuable building blocks for the design of advanced materials.Organosilicon compounds find applications in diverse fields, including materials science, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and agriculture. In materials science, they are used as coatings, adhesives, sealants, and modifiers to impart desirable properties such as water repellency, thermal resistance, and biocompatibility. In the pharmaceutical industry, organosilicon compounds serve as drug delivery agents, imaging agents, and synthetic intermediates due to their biocompatibility and tunable properties. In electronics, they are employed as dielectric materials, insulators, and encapsulants in semiconductor devices. Current review aims to unlock new opportunities for the development of innovative materials and technologies with enhanced performance and functionality.

Keywords: Organosilicon, Silanes, VOC, optically active, Silicon

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1. Introduction
Overview of organosilicon compounds, highlighting their significance and diverse applications in various industries.
2. History
Traces the development and discovery of organosilicon compounds, noting key historical milestones and advancements.
3. Physical Characterisation of Organosilicon Complexes
Discusses methods used to characterize the physical properties of organosilicon compounds, including spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques.
4. Chemical Structure and Bonding in Organosilicon Compounds
4.1. Tetrahedral Compounds
Explains the structure of tetrahedral organosilicon compounds, emphasizing their geometric and electronic properties.
4.2. Penta- and Hexacoordination
Details the structure and properties of organosilicon compounds with five or six coordination sites, exploring their unique bonding situations.
4.3. Bond Lengths and Bond Energies
Provides data and analysis on the bond lengths and bond energies within various organosilicon compounds, linking these to their stability and reactivity.
5. Synthesis Methods for Organosilicon Compounds
5.1. Direct Synthesis (The Rochow Process)
Describes the Rochow process, a fundamental method for producing organosilicon compounds by direct synthesis from silicon.
5.2. Reaction with Grignard Reagents
Covers the reactivity and methodologies of synthesizing organosilicon compounds using Grignard reagents.
5.3. Alkylation (or Arylation) Reaction with Grignard Reagents
Focuses on alkylation and arylation reactions involving Grignard reagents to form organosilicon compounds.
5.4. Reaction of SiX Toward Grignard Reagent
Discusses specific reactions between SiX compounds and Grignard reagents, elaborating on the products formed.
5.5. Reactivity of the Lithium Reagents
Examines the use of lithium reagents in the synthesis of organosilicon compounds, highlighting their reactivity.
5.6. Reactions of Silylmetals
Details the reactions involving silylmetals, emphasizing their importance in synthesizing complex organosilicon structures.
5.7. Hydrosilation (Addition of Hydrosilane to Alkenes and Alkynes)
Explores the hydrosilation process, a key method for adding hydrosilane to alkenes and alkynes to produce organosilicon compounds.
5.8. Condensation of Hydrosilanes with Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Describes the condensation reactions of hydrosilanes with various hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons.
5.9. Other Reactions
Covers a variety of other significant chemical reactions used in the synthesis of organosilicon compounds.
5.10. Synthesis of Silicon-Functionalized Silanes by Cleavage of the Silicon–Carbon Bond
Discusses the synthesis techniques involving the cleavage of the silicon–carbon bond to produce functionalized silanes.
6. Applications of Organosilicon Compounds
6.1. Organosilicon Compounds in Polymer Science and Materials
Highlights the role of organosilicon compounds in polymer science and material engineering.
6.2. Pharmaceuticals and Biomedical Applications
Describes the applications of organosilicon compounds in pharmaceuticals and biomedical fields.
Organosilicon-Based Fluoride Acceptors for Imaging
Focuses on the use of organosilicon compounds as fluoride acceptors in imaging techniques.
Organosilicone Compound Nanocomposite for Cardiovascular Interventional Devices
Discusses the development of nanocomposites for cardiovascular devices.
Polysiloxane in Bioimaging
Highlights the use of polysiloxane in bioimaging applications.
Cross-Linked Organosilicon Polymers
Covers the significance of cross-linked organosilicon polymers in various applications.
6.3. Organosilicone Compound Catalysis and Chemical Reactions
Examines the role of organosilicone compounds in catalysis and chemical reactions.
6.4. Electronics and Optoelectronics
Explores the applications of organosilicon compounds in electronics and optoelectronic devices.
7. Recent Advances in Organosilicone Chemistry
7.1. Novel Synthetic Approaches
Discusses recent innovations in the synthesis of organosilicone compounds.
7.3. Functionalization and Modification Strategies
Describes new strategies for the functionalization and modification of organosilicon compounds.
7.4. Emerging Trends and Future Prospects
Looks at the latest trends and future potential in organosilicone chemistry.
8. Environmental and Toxicological Aspects of Organosilicone Compounds
Reviews the environmental impact and toxicological considerations of organosilicon compounds.
9. Conclusion: Current Status and Outlook for Organosilicone Compounds
Summarizes the current status and future outlook for the field of organosilicon chemistry, emphasizing ongoing research and potential applications

Type of Study: Review Paper | Subject: Ceramic Materials and Engineering

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